non-anatomical surgical solutions for difficult non-:union:s: case series

abstract non-:union: occurs when bone healing ceases and does not continue without some type of intervention. classification of non-:union: is traditionally based on the amount of callus or bone healing at the fracture site. successful treatment of non-:union: often depends on appropriate reduction and realignment of the fracture, bone grafting if necessary, and stabilization. this may not be possible in some neglected and complicated non-:union:s. under these circumstances, modification of the standard techniques or a limited surgical interference, that might not be anatomical, may succeed in improving function. we present four cases of non-anatomical salvage solutions for difficult long bone non-:union:s with satisfactory functional outcome.